Islamic Theology
Posted on January 11, 2012 |
Teologi means the study of divinity and the various problems associated with it based on the argument convincing. While Islamic theology means the study of God and the things associated with him according to Islamic sentiment. With the development of Islam brought by Muhammad was degraded, in the sense of the people of Muhammad originally brought unity (ummatan wahidatan) was slowly run into a difference of opinion thus gave birth to a division- half the body of Islam. From the difference of opinion between the followers of Muhammad is more peaked, so the theology of Islam that split their stream.
1. Khawarij
Kharijites who put the group addressed the group that came out of a team of Ali ibn Abi Talib as described previously. But there is also a provision that states the name of the Kharijites by paragraph 100 countries Sura An-Nisa ‘where there is a group of people who left their homes to Allah and His Messenger. The main features of the flow is Abdullah bin Wahab al-Rasyidi. He is the leader of the group that broke away from the Ali group. Then Urwa bin Hudair, Sa’ad bin Mustarid, Hausarah al-Asadi, Quraib bin Maruah, Azraq ibn Nafi, Abdullah bin Basir, Zubair bin Ali, the son Fuja’ah Qatar, Abd al-Rabih, Abd al-Karim ibn Ajrad , Ziad bin Abdullah bin Asfar and Ibad. Doctrine Center This flow can be grouped into three:
- Muslims make great sins are infidels;
- Caliph should be elected by the people and not a group has the right to claim the group most qualified to occupy that position;
- The priests are not required if the person can consciously regulate themselves. Because the priest is not obliged to syar’i just something allowed but not required (allowed).
2. Murji’ah
The group first Murji’ah do not want to intervene in the conflict in time and took the attitude of surrender penentuanhukum infidel or not the person against Kharijites Tuhan.Perbedaan between the groups argue that the authority has possessed by BaniUmayyah is to deviate from Islamic teachings and support groups seem bahwaMuawiyah Ali seized power from Ali and his descendants caused the flow of ini.Murji ‘ah arja’a derived from the word which means to delay and provide hope. School of Theology Murji’ah called because they believe that people are given a great sinner hope to obtain mercy from God in heaven. The main leader of this flow is al-Hasan ibn When Muzani, Sallat Abu al-Samman and Dirar binUmar, then Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib and Jahm Safyan bin. The basic principle of flow is:
a. faith in Ala and His Messenger, just enough for the heart. Charity is not a need.
b. Muslims make a great sin judged to be infidels. He remains faithful because he admitted Syahadatain.
c. Law of human action is deferred until the end of the world.
Thought flow is divided into two classes Murji’ah medium, the character of Abu Hanifah, while the characters are extreme groups Al-Khassaniah Murji’ah, al-Ubaidillah, al-Salihiahdan Jaham bin Safwan.
3. Qadariyah
This flow is called flow qadariyah because they are the first person to questions about Qadr (fate). The numbers of al-Juhaini Ma’bad Ghailam flow and al-Dimasyqi. Stream is argued that people have the ability to act (qudrah) and select or the will (the will of God). Because the people who determine his actions if you do good or evil and responsible for his actions.
4. Jabariyah
Stream is argued anbitrasi Qadariyah human action. Humans are not able to realize his actions and does not have the ability to select all the movements made by humans is determined by God. The numbers flow Ja’ad bin Safwan ibn Dirham and Jahm
5. Mu’tazila
Mu’tazilites are those that take the problem more theological and philosophical nature of the issues that brought the Kharijites and Mur’jiah. In their discussions about the reasons why so many got the name of the Rationalists of Islam. But not so much Mu’tazila cling to the Sunnah, or tradition, not because they do not believe in the traditions of the Prophet and the Companions, but because of doubts about the authenticity of Hadith Sunna or tradition containing itu.Sebutan for flow separated, because Wasil ibn Atha number Mu’tazila main ‘broke away from his teacher Hasan al-Basyri. Another version states that the word Mu’tazila is the name for those living far from political controversy at the time and focus for worship. Central tenet of this flow is known as usul al-khamsah (five principles of teaching), similarly, attauhid, al-’adl, al-Wa’ad wa al-Wa’id, al-bain al-manzilatain Manzilah and ordered same Nahial wa-Wasil ibn Atha Munkar.Tokoh will flow ‘,’ amr ibn Ubayd, Abu al-Allaf Huzail, al-Nazzam and al-Jubba’i.
6. Shiite
What is meant by Shia Muslims is a class that emerged after the death of Prophet Muhammad, who argued that after the prophet died the right to replace him as head of state (imam or caliph) is a family, known as Ahl -ul-bait. This arises because the flow of encouraging Shiite political issues, political issues that arise for the first time after the Prophet died. Unrest in the end the killing of the government and the appointment of Ali Uthman became caliph caused the emergence of a new class of political tendencies, like: A Muslim group supports political ahlul temple led by Ali ibn Abi Talib, who eventually became a Shiite. Shiites are a group loyal to Ali and is a strong supporter and follower of Ali. Basic tenets of this flow is, at-Tawheed, al-ADL, a Nubuwwah, al-Imamat (chief of the priests only. And the priests preserved from sin by the priests after Ali and his descendants are Messengers.), and al-mother ‘ad (of course there is the belief in the afterlife).
7. al-Ash’ari
Ash’ari flow associated with al-Abdullah bin Qais Abu Musa al-Ash’ari. al-Ash’ari former high Mu’tazila controlled understand because he was a disciple of al-Jubba’i Mu’tazilite number. But then he came out with Mu’tazilite understand. Basic teachings of al-Ash’ari is:
a. God has the features mentioned in Quran;
b. Qadeem Quran is not the entity;
c. God can see into the future;
d. Human action is created by God and in unison with human power.
e. God’s justice is perfect;
F. Muslims to take the sins of the dead before his conversion, he remained loyal.
The attitude of al-Ash’ari theology can be known through his works such as al-al-Ibanah Maqalat Islamiyyin and al-Luma ‘. Maturidiyah also from al-Mansur ibn Mahmud Abu al-Maturidi in Samarkhand was born.
8. Al-Maturidiyah
Similarly, the understanding of al-Ash’ari al-Maturidi theology is a reaction to understand Mu’tazilite. Thought theology al-Maturidi more talented than the al-Ash’ari. Thought theology al-Maturidi, similar;
a. God has attributes that have properties that make it pleasing to God, and the elements.
b. Fulfillment of human action itself, though the desire to do so is the will of God.
c. Quran is the word of God Qadeem,
d. God has certain obligations. Sixth, the promise of God, the same commitment to reward that which is good and punishment for those who carry out crime should be met.
e. Quran verses that describe God has a physical form as human beings.
